Signs That a Child May Be at Risk of Diabetes

Most children with type 2 diabetes are diagnosed before they show any symptoms. However, be alert, especially if your child is at high risk for this disease. Watch for these signs:

• Increased urination,
• Excessive thirst,
• Increased appetite, and
• Weight loss.

Another potential sign of type 2 diabetes is a skin condition called acanthosis nigricans. As many as 70 percent of children with type 2 diabetes have this condition, which is marked by patches of skin that are very dark, velvety, and bumpy, most often on the armpits, the back of the neck, or between the fingers and toes.

Special blood and urine tests are used to diagnose type 2 diabetes. The American Diabetes Association recommends that overweight children with at least two risk factors undergo fasting blood sugar tests every two years starting at age 10. If you're concerned, you should ask the doctor about this test, especially if there is a family history of diabetes and if your child is overweight.

Are there consequences for children with type 2 diabetes?

Although type 2 is usually not as serious in the short term as type 1, and is generally easier to control, there are several possible day-to-day effects of the disease. The American Diabetes Association lists the common ones as follows:

• Headaches
• Blurred vision
• Thirst
• Frequent urination
• Dry, itchy skin

Long-term consequences are also a serious concern. If left uncontrolled at a young age, type 2 diabetes can lead to complications such as blindness, kidney failure, heart disease, and even amputation.

How is type 2 diabetes in childhood treated?

Unlike children with type 1 diabetes, those with type 2 diabetes usually don't need insulin injections to control their blood sugar levels. In fact, most can manage their condition simply by eating fewer calories, reducing fat and sugar, and exercising more. Remember, children get most of their lifestyle cues from their parents. By serving healthy food, encouraging physical activity, and educating the family about diabetes, parents can make a huge contribution to their children's health. When lifestyle changes aren't enough or can't be implemented, your child may need insulin injections.